Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, and P. Haffner, "Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition," in Intelligent Signal Processing, pp. 306-351, 2001.

L. Bottou, P. Haffner, and Y. LeCun, "Efficient Conversion of Digital Documents to Multilayer Raster Formats," in International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), (Seattle), Sep. 2001.

Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, A. Erofeev, P. Haffner, and W. Riemers, "DjVu Document Browsing with On-Demand loading and rendering of image components," in Internet Imaging, (San Jose), Jan. 2001.

P. Y. Simard, Y. LeCun, J. S. Denker, and B. Victorri, "Transformation Invariance in Pattern Recognition -- Tangent Distance and Tangent Propagation," International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, 2000.

Leon Bottou, P. Haffner, Y. LeCun, Howard P., P. Vincent, and B. Riemers, "DjVu: Un Systeme de Compression d'Images pour la Distribution Reticulaire de Documents Numerises. (DjVu: an image compression system for distributing scanned document on the Internet)," in Conference Internationale Francophone sur L'Ecrit et le Document, (Lyon, France), July 2000.

P. Haffner, Y. LeCun, Leon Bottou, Howard P., P. Vincent, and B. Riemers, "Color Documents on the Web with DjVu," in International Conference on Image Processing, (Kobe, Japan), pp. 239-243, Oct. 1999.

Y. LeCun, P. Haffner, L. Bottou, and Y. Bengio, "Gradient-Based Learning for Object Detection, Segmentation and Recognition," AT&T Labs, 1999.

Y. LeCun, P. Haffner, L. Bottou, and Y. Bengio, "Object Recognition with Gradient-Based Learning," in Feature Grouping, (D. Forsyth, ed.), 1999.

P. Haffner, Leon Bottou, Howard P., and Yann LeCun, "DjVu: Analyzing and Compressing Scanned Documents for Internet Distribution," in International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 625-628, 1999.

P. Simard, L. Bottou, P. Haffner, and Y. LeCun, "Boxlets: a fast convolution algorithm for neural networks and signal processing," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11, 1999.

R. Chellappa, K. Fukushima, A. Katsaggelos, S.-Y. Kung, Y. LeCun, N. M. Nasrabadi, and T. A. Poggio, "Applications of Artificial Neural Networks to Image Processing (guest editorial)," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1093-1097, Aug. 1998.

Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, P. Haffner, and P. Howard, "DjVu: a compression method for distributing scanned documents in color over the internet," in Color 6, 1998.

Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, G. Orr, and K. Muller, "Efficient BackProp," in Neural Networks: Tricks of the trade, (G. Orr and Muller K., eds.), 1998.

P. Simard, Y. LeCun, J. Denker, and B. Victorri, "Transformation Invariance in Pattern Recognition, Tangent Distance and Tangent Propagation," in Neural Networks: Tricks of the trade, (G. Orr and Muller K., eds.), 1998.

B. Haskell, P. Howard, Y. LeCun, A. Puri, J. Ostermann, R. Civanlar, L. Rabiner, L. Bottou, and P. Haffner, "Image and Video Coding - Emerging Standards and Beyond," IEEE Transaction CSVT, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 814-837, Nov. 1998.

L. Bottou, P. Haffner, P. Howard, P. Simard, Y. Bengio, and Y. LeCun, "High Quality Document Image Compression with DjVu," Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 410-425, July 1998.

P. Haffner, L. Bottou, P. Howard, P. Simard, Y. Bengio, and Y. LeCun, "Browsing through High Quality Document Images with DjVu," in Proc. of Advances in Digital Libraries 98, pp. 309-318, 1998.

Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, and P. Haffner, "Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 2278-2324, Nov. 1998.

R. Cox, B. Haskell, Y. LeCun, B. Shahraray, and L. Rabiner, "On the application of multimedia processing to telecommunications," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 755-824, May 1998.

M. Rahim, Y. Bengio, and Y. LeCun, "Discriminative feature and model design for automatic speech recognition," in Proc. of Eurospeech, (Rhodes, Greece), 1997.

R. Cox, B. Haskell, Y. LeCun, B. Shahraray, and L. Rabiner, "On the application of multimedia processing to telecommunications," in Proc. of International Conference on Image Processing, (San Francisco), pp. 5-8, 1997.

L. Bottou, Y. LeCun, and Y. Bengio, "Global Training of Document Processing Systems using Graph Transformer Networks," in Proc. of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, (Puerto-Rico), pp. 490-494, 1997.

Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, and Y. Bengio, "Reading Checks with graph transformer networks," in International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, (Munich), pp. 151-154, 1997.

I. Guyon, Y. LeCun, and C. Warwick, "Usability study of text entry interfaces for personnal organizers," AT&T Bell Labs, 1996.

Y. Bengio, Y. LeCun, C. Nohl, and C. Burges, "LeRec: A NN/HMM Hybrid for On-Line Handwriting Recognition," Neural Computation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1289-1303, Nov. 1995.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, L. Bottou, A. Brunot, C. Cortes, J. S. Denker, H. Drucker, I. Guyon, U. A. Muller, E. Sackinger, P. Simard, and V. Vapnik, "Comparison of learning algorithms for handwritten digit recognition," in International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, (F. Fogelman and P. Gallinari, eds.), (Paris), pp. 53-60, 1995.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, L. Bottou, C. Cortes, J. S. Denker, H. Drucker, I. Guyon, U. A. Muller, E. Sackinger, P. Simard, and V. Vapnik, "Learning Algorithms For Classification: A Comparison On Handwritten Digit Recognition," in Neural Networks: The Statistical Mechanics Perspective, (J. H. Oh, C. Kwon, and S. Cho, eds.), pp. 261-276, 1995.

Y. LeCun and Y. Bengio, "Convolutional Networks for Images, Speech, and Time-Series," in The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, (M. A. Arbib, ed.), 1995.

Y. LeCun and Y. Bengio, "Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks," in The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, (M. A. Arbib, ed.), 1995.

L. Jackel, M. Battista, H. Baird, J. Ben, J. Bromley, C. Burges, E. Cosatto, J. Denker, H. Graf, H. Katseff, Y. LeCun, C. Nohl, E. Sackinger, J. Shamilian, T. Shoemaker, C. Stenard, I. Strom, R. Ting, T. Wood, and Zuraw C., "Neural-Net Applications in Character Recognition and Document Analysis," in Neural-Net Applications in Telecommunications, 1995.

W Chiang, C. Cortes, L. Jackel, Y. LeCun, W. Lee, E. Pednault, and Vapnik V., "Predicting TransportPath Degradation/Failure Based on Recent Performance History," in Proc of Symposium on Intelligent Systems in Communications and Power (SISCAP '94), 1994.

W. Chiang, C. Cortes, L. Jackel, Y. LeCun, and W. Lee, "Accuracy limits of machine learning: predicting communication path degradation or failure," AT&T Bell Labs, 1994.

N. Matic, D. Henderson, Y. Le Cun, and Y. Bengio, "Pen-based visitor registration system (PENGUIN)," in Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on ignals, Systems and Computers, 1994.

H. Drucker, C. Cortes, L. D. Jackel, Y. LeCun, and V. Vapnik, "Boosting and Other Ensemble Methods," Neural Computation, vol. 6, no. 6, Nov. 1994.

L. Bottou, C. Cortes, J.S. Denker, H. Drucker, I. Guyon, L.D. Jackel, Y. LeCun, U.A. Muller, E. Sackinger, P. Simard, and V. Vapnik, "Comparison of classifier methods: a case study in handwritten digit recognition," in Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, (IAPR, ed.), (Jerusalem), pp. 77-82, Oct. 1994.

P. Simard, Y. LeCun, and J. Denker, "Memory Based Character Recognition Using a Transformation Invariant Metric," in Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, (IAPR, ed.), (Jerusalem), pp. 262-267, Oct. 1994.

Y. LeCun and Y. Bengio, "word-level training of a handwritten word recognizer based on convolutional neural networks," in Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, (IAPR, ed.), (Jerusalem), pp. 88-92, Oct. 1994.

Y. Bengio and Y. LeCun, "word normalization for on-line handwritten word recognition," in Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, (IAPR, ed.), (Jerusalem), pp. 409-413, Oct. 1994.

V. Vapnik, E. Levin, and Y. LeCun, "Measuring the VC-dimension of a Learning Machine," Neural Computation, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 851-876, 1994.

Y. Bengio, Y. LeCun, and D. Henderson, "Globally Trained Handwritten Word Recognizer using Spatial Representation, Space Displacement Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Models," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 6, (J. Cowan and G. Tesauro, eds.), 1993.

J. Bromley, I. Guyon, Y. LeCun, E. Sackinger, and R. Shah, "Signature Verification using a Siamese Time Delay Neural Network," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 6, (J. Cowan and G. Tesauro, eds.), 1993.

H. Drucker, C. Cortes, L. D. Jackel, Y. LeCun, and V. Vapnik, "Boosting and Other Ensemble Methods," in Proc of the 1994 Machine Learning conference, 1994.

R. Vaillant, C. Monrocq, and Y. LeCun, "Original approach for the localisation of objects in images," IEE Proc on Vision, Image, and Signal Processing, vol. 141, no. 4, pp. 245-250, Aug. 1994.

R. Vaillant, C. Monrocq, and Y. LeCun, "An Original approach for the localisation of objects in images," in International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pp. 26-30, 1993.

J. Bromley, J. W. Bentz, L. Bottou, I. Guyon, Y. LeCun, C. Moore, E. Sackinger, and R. Shah, "Signature Verification using a Siamese Time Delay Neural Network," International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 7, no. 4, Aug. 1993.

Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, D. Henderson, A. Weisbuch, H. Weissman, and Jackel L., "on-line handwriting recognition with neural networks: spatial representation versus temporal representation.," in Proc. International Conference on handwriting and drawing., 1993.

Q.Z. Wu, Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, and B.S. Jeng, "on-line recognition of limited vocabulary chinese character using multiple convolutional neural networks," in Proc. of the 1993 IEEE International Symposium on circuits and systems, pp. 2435-2438, 1993.

Yann LeCun and John S. Denker, "Natural versus Universal Probability Complexity, and Entropy," in IEEE Workshop on the Physics of Computation, pp. 122-127, 1992.

P. Simard, Y. LeCun, and Denker J., "efficient pattern recognition using a new transformation distance," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 5, (S. Hanson, J. Cowan, and L. Giles, eds.), 1993.

Y. LeCun, P. Simard, and B. Pearlmutter, "Automatic learning rate maximization by on-line estimation of the Hessian's eigenvectors," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 5, (S. Hanson, J. Cowan, and L. Giles, eds.), 1993.

Y. LeCun, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, and L. D. Jackel, "Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network," in Neural Netwotks, current applications, (Lisboa P.G.J., ed.), 1992.

P. Simard, Y. LeCun, J. Denker, and B. Victorri, "An efficient algorithm for learning invariances in adaptive classifiers," in Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, The Hague, pp. 651-655, 1992.

H. Drucker and Y LeCun, "Improving Generalization Performance Using Double Backpropagation," IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 991-997, 1992.

O. Matan, J. Bromley, C. Burges, J. Denker, L. Jackel, Y. LeCun, E Pednault, W. Satterfield, C Stenard, and T. Thompson, "Reading Handwritten Digits: A Zip Code Recognition System.," IEEE Computer, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 59-63, July 1992.

Y. LeCun, "A theoretical framework for Back-Propagation," in Artificial Neural Networks: concepts and theory, (P. Mehra and B. Wah, eds.), (Los Alamitos, CA), 1992.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, H. P. Graf, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, and W. Hubbard, "Handwritten Digit Recognition: Applications of Neural Net Chips and Automatic Learning," in Artificial Neural Networks, (E. Sanchez-Sinencio and C. Lau, eds.), pp. 463-468, 1992.

Eduard Sackinger, Bernhard Boser, Jane Bromley, Yann LeCun, and Lawrence D. Jackel, "Application of the ANNA Neural Network Chip to High-Speed Character Recognition," IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 498-505, Mar. 1992.

B. Boser, E. Sackinger, J. Bromley, Y. LeCun, and L. Jackel, "An analog neural network processor with programmable topology," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 2017-2025, Dec. 1991.

B. Boser, E. Sackinger, J. Bromley, Y. LeCun, and L. Jackel, "Hardware requirements for neural network pattern classifiers," IEEE Micro, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 32-40, Feb. 1992.

Ofer Matan, Christopher J. C. Burges, Yann LeCun, and John S. Denker, "Multi-Digit Recognition Using a Space Displacement Neural Network," in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 4, (J. M. Moody, S. J. Hanson, and R. P. Lippman, eds.), 1992.

C. J. C. Burges, O. Matan, Y LeCun, J. S. Denker, L. D. Jackel, C. E. Stenard, C. R. Nohl, and J. I. Ben, "Shortest path segmentation: A method for training a neural network to recognize character strings," in Proceedings of the 1992 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 165-172, 1992.

P. Simard and Y. LeCun, "Reverse TDNN: an architecture for trajectory generation," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4 (NIPS*91), (J. M. Moody, S. J. Hanson, and R. P. Lippman, eds.), (Denver, CO), 1992.

P. Simard, B. Victorri, Y. LeCun, and J. Denker, "Tangent Prop: a formalism for specifying selected invariances in adaptive networks," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4 (NIPS*91), (J. M. Moody, S. J. Hanson, and R. P. Lippman, eds.), (Denver, CO), 1992.

I. Guyon, D. Henderson, P. Albrecht, Y. LeCun, and J. Denker, "writer independentand writer adaptive neural network for on-line character recognition," in From Pixels to Features III: Frontiers in handwriting recognition, (S. Impedovo and J.C. Simon, eds.), pp. 493-506, 1992.

B.E. Boser, E. Sackinger, J. Bromley, Y. LeCun, R.E. Howard, and L.D. Jackel, "An analog neural network processor and its application to high-speed character recognition," in Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, (Seattle, WA), pp. 415-420, July 1991.

H. Drucker and Y LeCun, "Improving Generalization Performance in Character Recognition," in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing, pp. 198-207, 1991.

H. Drucker and Y LeCun, "Double Backpropagation: Increasing Generalization Performance," in Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, (Seattle, WA), pp. 145-150, July 1991.

I. Kanter, Y. LeCun, and S. Solla, "Second-order properties of error surfaces: learning time and generalization," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3 (NIPS*90), (R. Lippmann, J. Moody, and D. Touretzky, eds.), (Denver, CO), Apr. 1991.

J. S. Denker and Y. LeCun, "transforming neural-net output levels to probability distributions," AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1991.

J. S. Denker and Y. LeCun, "transforming neural-net output levels to probability distributions," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3 (NIPS*90), (R. Lippmann, J. Moody, and D. Touretzky, eds.), (Denver, CO), Apr. 1991.

I. Guyon, P. Albrecht, Y. LeCun, J. S. Denker, and Hubbard W., "design of a neural network character recognizer for a touch terminal," Pattern Recognition, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 105-119, 1991.

Y. LeCun, I. Kanter, and S. Solla, "Eigenvalues of covariance matrices: application to neural-network learning," Physical Review Letters, vol. 66, no. 18, pp. 2396-2399, May 1991.

S. Solla and Y. LeCun, "Constrained Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition," in Neural Networks: Concepts, Applications and Implementations Vol IV, (P. Antognetti and V. Milutinovic, eds.), pp. 142-161, 1991.

R.E. Howard, B. Boser, J.S. Denker, H.P. Graf, D. Henderson, W. Hubbard, L.D. Jackel, Y. Le Cun, and H. S. Baird, "Optical character recognition: a technology driver for neural networks," in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1990, pp. "2433-2436, 1990.

O. Matan, R. K. Kiang, C. E. Stenard, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, L. D. Jackel, and Y. LeCun, "Handwritten character recognition using neural network architectures," in Proc. of the 4th US Postal Service Advanced Technology Conference, (Washington D.C.), Nov. 1990.

I. Guyon, P. Albrecht, Y. LeCun, J. S. Denker, and W. Hubbard, "A time delay neural network character recognizer for a touch terminal," in Proc. of the International Neural Network Conference, (Paris), June 1990.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, H. P. Graf, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, and S. Hubbard, Solla, "Optical Character Recognition and Neural-Net Chips," in Proc. of the International Neural Network Conference, (Paris), June 1990.

Y. LeCun, O. Matan, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, L. D. Jackel, and H. S. Baird, "Handwritten Zip Code Recognition with Multilayer Networks," in Proc. of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, (IAPR, ed.), (Atlantic City), pp. 35-40, 1990.

Y. LeCun, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, L. D. Jackel, and Baird H. S., "Constrained Neural Network for Unconstrained Handwritten Digit Recognition," in Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (C Suen, ed.), (Montreal), 1990.

Y. LeCun, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, and L. D. Jackel, "Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2 (NIPS*89), (David Touretzky, ed.), (Denver, CO), 1990.

Yann LeCun, J. S. Denker, S. Solla, R. E. Howard, and L. D. Jackel, "Optimal Brain Damage," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2 (NIPS*89), (David Touretzky, ed.), (Denver, CO), 1990.

L.D. Jackel, B. Boser, J.S. Denker, H.P. Graf, Y. Le Cun, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, R.E. Howard, W. Hubbard, and S.A. Solla, "Hardware requirements for neural-net optical character recognition," in Proc. of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 855-861, 1990.

L. Jackel, B. Boser, H.-P. Graf, J. Denker, Y. LeCun, D. Henderson, O. Matan, R. Howard, and H. Baird, "VLSI Implementation of Electronic Neural Networks: and Example in Character Recognition," in IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics, (IEEE, ed.), (Los Angeles, CA), pp. 320-322, Nov. 1990.

Y. LeCun, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, W. Hubbard, and L. D. Jackel, "Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition," Neural Computation, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 541-551, Winter 1989.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, H. P. Graf, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, and W. Hubbard, "Handwritten Digit Recognition: Applications of Neural Net Chips and Automatic Learning," in Neurocomputing, Algorithms, Architectures and Applications, (F. Fogelman, J. Herault, and Y. Burnod, eds.), (Les Arcs, France), 1989.

Y. LeCun, L. D. Jackel, B. Boser, J. S. Denker, H. P. Graf, I. Guyon, D. Henderson, R. E. Howard, and W. Hubbard, "Handwritten Digit Recognition: Applications of Neural Net Chips and Automatic Learning," IEEE Communication, pp. 41-46, Nov. 1989.

Yann LeCun, Conrad C. Galland, and Hinton. Geoffrey E., "GEMINI: Gradient estimation through matrix inversion after noise injection," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 1 (NIPS*88), (David Touretzky, ed.), (Denver, CO), 1989.

Y. LeCun, "Generalization and Network Design Strategies," in Connectionism in Perspective, (R. Pfeifer, Z. Schreter, F. Fogelman, and L. Steels, eds.), (Zurich, Switzerland), 1989.

Y. LeCun, "Generalization and Network Design Strategies," Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1989.

Y. LeCun, "A theoretical framework for Back-Propagation," in Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School, (D. Touretzky, G. Hinton, and T. Sejnowski, eds.), (CMU, Pittsburgh, Pa), pp. 21-28, 1988.

Y. LeCun and Leon-Yves Bottou, "SN: A Simulator For Connectionist Models", Mar. 1988.

S. Becker and Y. LeCun, "Improving the Convergence of Back-Propagation Learning with Second-Order Methods," in Proc. of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School, (D. Touretzky, G. Hinton, and T. Sejnowski, eds.), (San Mateo), pp. 29-37, 1989.

L.-Y. Bottou and Y. LeCun, "SN: A Simulator for Connectionist Models," in Proceedings of NeuroNimes 88, (Nimes, France), 1988.

Y. LeCun, "Modeles connexionnistes de l'apprentissage (connectionist learning models)", June 1987.

Y. LeCun and F. Fogelman-Soulie, "Modeles connexionnistes de l'apprentissage," Intellectica, special issue apprentissage et machine, Mar. 1987.

F. Fogelman-Soulie, P. Gallinari, and S. LeCun, Y. andThiria, "Automata networks and artificial intelligence," in Automata networks in computer science, theory and applications, pp. 133-186, 1987.

P. Gallinari, Y. LeCun, S. Thiria, and Fogelman-Soulie F., "Memoires associatives distribuees: une comparaison (distributed associative memories: a comparison)," in Proceedings of COGNITIVA 87, ( Paris, La Villette), Cesta-Afcet, May 1987.

F. Fogelman-Soulie, P. Gallinari, Y. LeCun, and S. Thiria, "generalization using back-propagation," in Proc. of the first International Conference on Neural Networks, (San Diego, California), IEEE, June 1987.

F. Fogelman-Soulie, P. Gallinari, Y. LeCun, and S. Thiria, "Learning on automata networks," in Proc. of Congres d'Intelligence Artificielle de Marseille, (Marseille, France), IIRIAM, 1987.

Y. LeCun, "Learning Processes in an Asymmetric Threshold Network," in Disordered systems and biological organization, (E. Bienenstock, F. Fogelman-Soulie, and G. Weisbuch, eds.), (Les Houches, France), pp. 233-240, 1986.

Y. LeCun, "A Learning Scheme for Asymmetric Threshold Networks," in Proceedings of Cognitiva 85, (Paris, France), pp. 599-604, 1985.

Y. LeCun and P. Metsu, "Contribution a la conception d'une famille de circuits VLSIde traitement du signal (contribution to the design of a family of signal processing VLSI circuits," ESIEE, Paris, June 1983.